Standard Oil had a monopoly in the oil industry, so antitrust became a thing.
There was information asymmetry around food and drugs, because there's no way for a consumer to really know what's in a food or a drug. So the FDA mandates that they put out accurate info with penalties for incorrect info.
Information asymmetry and moral hazard led to 2008 financial crisis, which then led to Dodd-Frank reform
The healthcare, housing, and education industries are some of the most highly regulated. Which came first, the market failure or the regulation?