Your employer is supposed to check that you have the right to work. This can be done in a variety of ways, depending on your citizenship, looking at your British/Irish passport is one of the ways.
Personally been here about 15 years. There are ebbs and flows of different trends, but HN has never been pure tech or science.
My favourite thing about HN has always been it's sprinkling of the "interesting/thought provoking" amongst the more technical or science based e.g.
5 in depth articles about <insert language tech stack etc.>, blog post on seagulls in 1973 east Berlin, philosphical article ruminating on death and coding, Go compiler written in C# etc. etc.
I get the point about self promotion. But fwiw I think this list is quite insightful, and a fun read.
This is pedantry, temperature introduces a degree of randomness (same input different output) to LLM, even outside of that non-deterministic in a security context is generally understood. Words have different meanings depending on the context in which they are used.
Let's not reduce every discussion to semantics, and afford the poster a degree of understanding.
If you're saying that "non-determinism" is a term of art in the field of security, meaning something different than the ordinary meaning, I wasn't aware of that at least. Do you have a source? I searched for uses and found https://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/95890/necessity-o... and https://medium.com/p/641f061184f9 and these seem to both use the ordinary meaning of the term. Note that an LLM with temperature fixed to zero has the same security risks as one that doesn't, so I don't understand what the poster is trying to say by "we have to treat LLMs as non-deterministic".
I understand the point that you are making, but the example is only valid with temperature=0.
Altering the temperature parameter introduces randomness by sampling from the probability distribution of possible next tokens rather than always choosing the most likely one. This means the same input can produce different outputs across multiple runs.
So no, not deterministic unless we are being pedantic.
I get that maybe you meant culturally, but Ireland is a member of the EU whereas the UK is no longer. This forces a tighter alignment so makes your point about Ireland redundant.
The UK has continuously been pulled between it's dying imperialist vision of itself as a world power, it's close but conflicted ties with the US, and it's similarly close and conflicted ties with the EU.
Performance Results:
Initial Latency: ~315ms for short text
Audio Generation Speed (seconds of audio per second of processing):
- Short text (12 chars): 3.35x realtime
- Medium text (100 chars): 5.34x realtime
- Long text (225 chars): 5.46x realtime
- Very Long text (306 chars): 5.50x realtime
Findings:
- Model loads in ~710ms
- Generates audio at ~5x realtime speed (excluding initial latency)
- Performance is consistent across different voices (4.63x - 5.28x realtime)
Thanks for running the benchmarks. Currently the models are not optimized yet. We will optimize loading etc when we release an SDK meant for production :)
In the 1970s there was a lot of talk about ‘healthful negative ions’ and a fad for negative ion generators even though many of those also generated hazardous ozone.
Hydroxyl ions are a significant kind of negative ion in the atmosphere and they’re known to be good because they react with and clean out pollutants like methane
Here's some more research, since I have a tiny ozone generator in my fridge and I got worried:
Ozone concentrations as low as 70ppb are hazardous when you're exposed to it for several hours [1]. Estimates for Ozone's olfactory threshold aren't trustworthy, since you go nose-blind to it pretty quickly [2], but it seems like it's probably around 20-40ppb before olfactory fatigue sets in [3,4].
My takeaway is that Ozone generators for rooms/basements/etc are definitely a bad idea. The best-cited olfactory thresholds are all in the same order of magnitude as that 8-hour hazard threshold, and with nose-blindness being a significant factor, you just don't want to mess around with that.
Inside a fridge, though? As long as you don't actually smell any ozone when you open the fridge, and you don't just shove your head in the fridge for hours on end, I'd think you're probably fine.
You're right but a lot of times the positive ion is far less reactive and/or more massive than the negative ion. Not so much for OH-. Charge is not the only thing that matters.
Well, in a similar way to how you can't generate a negative ion without simultaneously generating a positive ion... how do you use the negative ion in a reaction without simultaneously using the associated positive ion in the same reaction?
One of the examples here strikes a parallel with the US government's
"Enhanced Interrogation" used as a euphemism for torture starting during the bush years.
Straight from the Nazi playbook:
"Verschärfte Vernehmung ("intensified interrogation"): torture"
Not entirely correct, I'm afraid. Concentration camps were inaugurated by the Spanish and popularized by the British. Co-location of killing facilities and camps was not a common occurrence even in Germany, so there were many more concentration camps than death camps.
Now reframe the above, normalising as a portion of wealth.
Tax analysed in absolute dollar terms is misleading. What should be analysed is the tax's effect on a person's quality of life. A person with a million dollar income paying 50% tax still has 500k to burn.
A person paying 30% at 50k a year has 35k left. That 30% means a lot more at the lower end, even though the dollar amount pales in comparison.
If you mean practically speaking, everywhere? At some point production incentives are eliminated, leading to quality of life reduction and inevitably revolt or external invasion. Additionally, as government controls a more significant percentage of buying decisions, we shift closer along the spectrum to a command economy which at some point is computationally infeasible, though perhaps ChatGPT will make command economies work finally (mostly kidding).
All that is required is a national insurance number (equivalent of Social Security Number in US).
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